LEARNING OUTCOMES
The student at the end of the lesson will be familiar with the:
- basic quality standards of In Vitro Diagnostics products and the statistical tests of their verification from the laboratory staff,
- principles of the statistical internal quality control (IQC) and external quality control (EQC),
- biochemical control of liver and kidney
- biochemical control of carbohydrates, lipids and uric acids,
- basic proteins in plasma,
- chromomeric analyses (end point, kinetic enzymatic analysis)
- principles and use of biochemical analyzers.
SYLLABUS
Theoretical courses
1. The work and the procedures of the Clinical Chemistry laboratory and its relation with the other departments of health organization. Which is the scientific scope of clinical chemistry.
2. The chromomeric analysis, the basic principles of photometry.
3. The modern biochemical analysers. The evolution of automatic analysers, the modern pre-analytical and post-analytical systems.
4. The IVDs reagents, quality control and calibration materials, IVDs reagents European regulations.
5. Introduction to the principles of quality control. The principles and the mathematic parameters of biological variance.
6. The internal quality control. The meaning of analytical error in clinical chemistry. The basic principles of internal quality control. The meaning of control diagrams. The Levey-Jennings diagram.
7. The external quality control. The management of external quality control assessment schemes. The control diagrams of external quality control.
8. The role of the most important plasma proteins. The five basic protein fractions in blood serum. The electrophoresis of proteins and its diagnostic value.
9. The biochemical monitor of kidney, the glomerular filtration rate. The acute and chronic kidney failure.
10. The metabolism of carbohydrates. Glucose metabolism and the role of insulin and glucagon. The biochemical monitor of diabetes.
11. The lipid metabolism. The metabolism of lipids in the organism. The diagnostic value of lipids, lipoproteins and the most important apoproteins. The biochemical monitor of lipids and lipoproteins.
12. The biochemical monitor of liver. Types and causes of liver disease.
13. The uric acid metabolism and the diagnostic value of its monitoring.
Laboratory courses:
1. Glycaemic control. The measurement of glucose with an end point photometric method. The Lambert-Beer method.
2. The uric acid’s measurement in photometers and biochemical analysers. IVDs reagents. Their performance characteristics of IVD reagents according to European directives.
3. The kidney monitoring (I). The measurement of urea, using kinetic method and endpoint method. The calculation of repeatability, reproducibility and precision.
4. The kidney monitoring (II). The measurement of creatine in biochemical analysers and photometers, using kinetic methods. The meaning and the calculation of analytic sensitivity and quantification.
5. The lipidemic monitoring (I). The measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides. The meaning and the calculation of recovery.
6. The lipidemic monitoring (II). The measurement of HDL in photometer using protein precipitation method and in biochemical analyser using antibodies. The measurement of LDL, using calculational and biochemical method. The meaning of accuracy and correctness.
7. The plasma protein monitoring. The measurement o total protein and albumin, using photometric endpoint methods in photometers and biochemical analysers. The meaning of uncertainty.
8. The skeletal system monitoring. The measurement of calcium and phosphorus in serum, using photometric endpoint methods in photometers and biochemical analysers. The meaning of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.
9. The liver monitoring (I). The measurement of total and direct bilirubin in photometer and biochemical analysers. The diagnostic markers.
10. The liver monitoring (II). The measurement of the enzymes GOT/GPT, using kinetic methods. The ROC curves.
11. The measurement of magnesium. The quality control and calibration procedures of biochemical analysers.
12. The calibration of instruments (pipettes, analytical balances).
13. Practical evaluation.